Recurring Floods and Public Health in Nigeria : Historical Reflections from the Benue Valley (2012–2022)

Abstract

The Benue Valley, located in North Central Nigeria and encompassing parts of Benue, Taraba, Kogi, and Nasarawa States, has faced increasingly devastating flooding events since 2012, exacerbated by excessive rainfall and the release of water from Cameroon’s Lagdo Dam. This study examines the public health implications of recurring floods in the region using a qualitative historical methodology and multidisciplinary analysis. Findings reveal widespread damage to health infrastructure, increased breeding of disease vectors such as mosquitoes, water pollution, and outbreaks of malaria, cholera, and typhoid. The destruction of clinics and displacement of residents severely limited access to healthcare, placing strain on surviving facilities. The study recommends structural interventions, including the construction of buffer dams, river dredging, and improved drainage systems, alongside policies to relocate vulnerable populations and increase access to clean water.