Extending the Technology Acceptance Model for Islamic Digital Banking: The Mediating Role of Attitude and the Moderating Role of Self-Efficacy in Pakistan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54938/ijemdss.2026.05.5.845Keywords:
Digital Banking Adoption, Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Perceived Risk, Digital Literacy, Self-Efficacy, Attitude to Use, Islamic Banking, PLS-SEMAbstract
This study is to enhance the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) with the inclusion of the notions of perceived risk, digital literacy as antecedents of attitude and self-efficacy as a moderator between attitude and intention for Islamic banks customers in Pakistan. Data were obtained by using a structured questionnaire from the customers of Islamic banks of Pakistan and the data were analysed using a structural equation modelling method known as Partial Least Squares (PLS-SEM) in SmartPLS software. The results showed that digital literacy and perceived risk and perceived usefulness are learning factors that influence attitude towards digital banking while perceived ease of use is not. Self-efficacy moderates the attitude–intention relationship and the digital literacy–intention relationship is mediated by attitude, and the perceived risk–intention relationship is mediated by attitude. According to the results functional usefulness and ease of use were not found to be significant factors affecting the adoption of digital banking services among the customers of Islamic banks in Pakistan whereas trust in Islamic banking, personal confidence in Islamic banking and digital capability were found to be more critical than functional usefulness and ease of use. This study provides practical recommendations for banks and policy makers wishing to enhance the digital financial inclusion of developing economies and Islamic banking environment, and extends the TAM to this context.
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