Pakistan-China Ties @ 75: A Geostrategic and Geoeconomic Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54938/ijemdss.2026.05.2.657Keywords:
–China Relations, CPEC, Strategic partnership, geo-economics, South Asian geopoliticsAbstract
Standing tall at 75, Pakistan-China relations have evolved from a formal diplomatic relationship in 1951 into one of the world’s most enduring strategic partnerships in 2026. This paper provides a narrative review of the evolution of the bilateral relations from 1951 to 2026 focusing on two key aspects: geostrategic and geoeconomic. A qualitative narrative review methodology was used drawing on peer-reviewed journal articles, books, policy reports, and other reliable academic sources. The study applies multiple theoretical perspectives, including realism, geo-economics, securitization theory, developmental state theory, and linkage theory to explain the developing nature of Pakistan-China ties. The paper observes that while defense and security cooperation laid the foundation of the partnership, the launch of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) transformed the relationship into a multidimensional strategic and economic partnership. The paper also identifies important challenges, including security concerns, economic disparities, debt sustainability, environmental considerations, and increasing geopolitical competition in Asia. Furthermore, the paper highlights significant research gaps. The paper concludes that the future of Sino-Pakistan ties is likely to depend on effective governance mechanism, inclusive development, stronger institutional capacity, and continued strategic cooperation to achieve sustainable regional connectivity, economic growth, and long-term mutual benefits.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Abdul Razaque Larik, Mubasharah, Nazir Ahmed Siyal
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