The Duties and Attributes of Prophets

Abstract

This article examines the duties and fundamental characteristics of prophets within the framework of Islamic theology, drawing upon verses from the Quran and interpretations by classical Muslim scholars. It aims to clarify the theological foundations of prophethood and explain the prophetic mission as understood in Islamic thought, while also addressing contemporary claims that limit the prophet's role solely to the transmission of the Quran.

The study demonstrates that the Quran presents the prophet not only as a carrier of revelation but also as one who teaches the Book and wisdom, purifies believers, and serves as a model for human conduct. It emphasizes that the responsibility of prophethood requires both the explanation of divine guidance and the practical example provided to humanity.

Furthermore, attributes traditionally ascribed to prophets, such as trustworthiness (emānah), wisdom (hikmah), intelligence (fatānah), humanity (bashariyyah), and infallibility (ismah), are analyzed as fundamental characteristics ensuring the integrity and effectiveness of the prophetic mission. Integrating classical theological perspectives with contemporary debates, this article argues that prophecy cannot be reduced to a single transmission function, but rather understood as a comprehensive institution encompassing revelation, interpretation, moral guidance, and lived example. This approach reaffirms the enduring theological and ethical significance of the prophetic model in both individual and societal life