Plagiarism & Similarity Policy

All submitted manuscripts may be screened using plagiarism-detection software before or during the peer-review process.

The journal does not accept plagiarism, duplicate publication, self-plagiarism, fabrication, falsification, or other forms of research misconduct.

A similarity score is used as an initial screening indicator and is not, by itself, considered evidence of plagiarism. Editors assess the nature and source of matched text before making a decision.

Manuscripts containing unacceptable levels of inappropriate similarity may be rejected or returned to authors for clarification and correction.

The journal follows COPE and HEC guidelines in handling plagiarism and unethical citation practices.

For details, please visit:

HEC Plagiarism guidelines at https://www.hec.gov.pk/english/services/faculty/journals/Pages/default.aspx 

COPE Plagiarism Flow Chart at
https://publicationethics.org/sites/default/files/plagiarism-published-article-cope-flowchart.pdf.