Assessment of Heavy Metal Concentrations in Domestic Waste Dump Soil Samples Obtained within Kaduna Metropolis in Relation to Seasonal Variations
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54938/ijemdbmcr.2026.04.1.575Abstract
This study investigated the effects of domestic waste dumpsite soil during wet and dry seasons of 2024 in Kaduna Metropolis, Nigeria. Soil samples were collected from nine dumpsites and one control were analyzed for heavy metal concentrations (Pb, Cr, Cd, Ni, Hg) using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The data collected was subjected to analysis of variance using statistical analysis software (SAS) version 9.0 and all the results revealed statistically significant differences (p<0.05). Heavy metal concentrations in soil during wet season recorded the highest values of Pb (725.10)> Ni (70.30)>Cr (51.47)> Hg (44.13)>Cd (34.45 mg/kg) respectively. There was general decrease in mean concentration of total values of the heavy metals during dry season except Cr and Hg that had an increased values when compared with wet season Pb (334.8)> Cr (224.7)> Hg (51.6)> Ni (33.4)> Cd (18.9 mg/kg) respectively. All the total mean concentrations in both seasons were above the permissible limit for EU and WHO standards in several locations. The control had the least concentration of all the selected metals. The study concludes that domestic waste dumping substantially alters soil chemical properties, increasing heavy metal accumulation beyond safe limits. It is therefore recommended that wastes management and remediation strategies should be impose because they are essential for reduction of heavy metal contamination in soil and provide environmental protection and human health.
Downloads
References
Aderoju, O. M. (2019). The Optimization of Municipal Solid Waste as a Potential Energy Source for Power Generation and Sustainable Development in Nigeria Universidade do Porto (Portugal)].
Agbeshie, A. A., Adjei, R., Anokye, J., & Banunle, A. (2020). Municipal waste dumpsite: Impact on soil properties and heavy metal concentrations, Sunyani, Ghana. Scientific African, 8, e00390.
Ale, T. O., Ogunribido, T. H., Ademila, O., & Akingboye, A. S. (2024). Soil pollution status due to potentially toxic elements in active open dumpsites: insights from different Nigerian geological environments. Environmental Earth Sciences, 83(18), 535.
El Fadili, H., Ali, M. B., Touach, N., & El Mahi, M. (2022). Ecotoxicological and pre-remedial risk assessment of heavy metals in municipal solid wastes dumpsite impacted soil in Morocco. Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring & Management, 17, 100640.
Ghaly, A., & Ramakrishnan, V. (2015). Nitrogen sources and cycling in the ecosystem and its role in air, water and soil pollution: A critical review. Journal of Pollution Effects & Control, 3(2), 1-26.
Gök, G., Tulun, Ş., & Çelebi, H. (2024). Mapping of heavy metal pollution density and source distribution of campus soil using geographical information system. Scientific Reports, 14(1), 1-18.
Kayode, O. I., & Olusola, O. O. (2023). Probabilistic health risk assessment in the consumption of toxic metal polluted zea mays and talinum fruticosum from farms near mining sites in southwest of Nigeria: Health Risk in Toxic Metal Polluted Farm Produce. UNIZIK Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 2(3), 298-314.
Mirosławski, J., & Paukszto, A. (2018). Determination of the cadmium, chromium, nickel, and lead ions relays in selected polish medicinal plants and their infusion. Biological trace element research, 182(1), 147-151.
Mohammad, A. A., Mohammad, S. I., Al-Oraini, B., Vasudevan, A., Hunitie, M. F. A., & Ismael, B. (2025). The impact of agricultural credit on farm productivity, employment, and rural development: Empirical evidence from Jordan’s agricultural sector. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Research, 38(3), 20-31.
Ohiagu, F. O., Chikezie, P., Ahaneku, C., & Chikezie, C. (2022). Human exposure to heavy metals: toxicity mechanisms and health implications. Material Sci Eng, 6(2), 78-87.
Ojiego, B., Ilo, O., Okolo, J., Igborgbor, J., Ishaku, T., Abdullahi, S., Gadzama, I., & Bolorunduro, P. (2022). Concentrations of heavy metals in soil samples from dumpsites located at Kuje and Kwali area councils, Abuja, Nigeria. Journal of Materials and Environmental Sciences, 13(9), 1037-1046.
Pandey, R., Dwivedi, M. K., Singh, P., Patel, B., Pandey, S., Patel, B., Patel, A., & Singh, B. (2016). Effluences of heavy metals, way of exposure and bio-toxic impacts: An update. J. Chem. Chem. Sci, 66, 2319-7625.
Qadir, S. U., Raja, V., Siddiqi, W. A., Alyemeni, M. N., Wijaya, L., & Ahmad, P. (2021). Heavy metal bioaccumulation by selected plants from fly ash–contaminated soils in suburban area. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 14, 1-18.
Singh, R., Ahirwar, N. K., Tiwari, J., & Pathak, J. (2018). Review on sources and effect of heavy metal in soil: Its bioremediation. Int. J. Res. Appl. Nat. Soc. Sci, 2018, 1-22.
