Morbidity and Mortality of Typhoid Intestinal Perforation Among Children in Nigeria 2003 - 2023: A Scoping Review

Authors

  • K J Bwala Department of Surgery, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Bauchi, and University of Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria
  • Olabisi Ogunleye Department of Surgery, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Bauchi, and University of Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria
  • Muhammed Murtala Department of Surgery, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Bauchi, and University of Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria
  • Auwal Adamu Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Bauchi, and University of Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria
  • Abubakar Ballah Department of Anaesthesiology, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Bauchi, and University of Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria
  • AM Kirfi Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Bauchi, and University of Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria
  • Joseph Udosen Department of Surgery, University of Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria
  • Mahdi Abdull Department of Ophthalmology, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Bauchi, Nigeria
  • Dauda Maigatari Department of Surgery, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
  • Roseline Duke Department of Ophthalmology, University of Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria
  • Usang E Usang Department of Surgery, University of Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54938/ijemdbmcr.2025.03.1.409

Keywords:

Complications, Morbidity, Mortality, Pediatrics, Typhoid intestinal perforation.

Abstract

Background: Typhoid intestinal perforation (TIP), a severe complication of typhoid fever, occurs when the infection leads to the perforation of the intestinal wall, resulting in life-threatening conditions. The resultant fulminating generalized peritonitis, intra-peritoneal abscess, septicaemia, imbalance in serum electrolytes and severe malnutrition are the usual causes of death in TIP.

Methods: This scoping review was conducted using the PRISMA-ScR checklist, the following databases were searched Science Direct, ProQuest, PubMed, AJOL and Google Scholar. Data was then extracted from the 15 studies that were found to have met the inclusion criteria.

Results: All the included studies were conducted in tertiary healthcare facilities, 13 of them were retrospective studies. The mortality rate ranged from 4.7% to 75%. SSI was the most commonly reported post-operative complication, ranging from 9.5% to 83.3%, others were ECF, wound dehiscence and intra-abdominal abscess.

Conclusion: TIP is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among pediatric population in Nigeria. Late presentation, poor pre-operative preparation and presence of multiple intestinal perforations impact significantly on morbidity and mortality of patients. This can be prevented by provision of safe WASH facilities and improving access to healthcare.

 

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Published

2025-02-23

How to Cite

Bwala, K. J., Ogunleye, O., Murtala, M., Adamu, A., Ballah, A., Kirfi, A., Udosen, J., Abdull, M., Maigatari, D., Duke, R., & Usang, U. E. (2025). Morbidity and Mortality of Typhoid Intestinal Perforation Among Children in Nigeria 2003 - 2023: A Scoping Review. International Journal of Emerging Multidisciplinaries: Biomedical and Clinical Research, 3(1), 14. https://doi.org/10.54938/ijemdbmcr.2025.03.1.409

Issue

Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025)

Section

Review Article