International Journal of Emerging Multidisciplinaries: Social Science

From Pay To Performance: Uncovering The Power Of Salaries in Taraba State Polytechnic, Jalingo.

Grace Harry Shimfe* , John Wajim — Wed, 26 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Numerous public sector organizations have been observed to provide insufficient remuneration to their employees, resulting in reduced job satisfaction, strained employee relations, and decreased productivity. Inadequate remuneration systems, marked by low basic pay and wages, contribute to lower employee productivity, elevated staff turnover rates, and diminished morale. These factors collectively have a negative impact on the overall performance of public sector organizations. However, much effort is needed to ensure that these factors are properly addressed. This study investigated remuneration and employees’ job performance in Taraba State Polytechnic, Jalingo. Literature was reviewed on sub themes based on the objectives of the study, while the following theory was adopted for the study; Abraham Maslow Theory. Cross sectional survey design was adopted for the study. Taro Yamane formula was employed to draw 399 respondents for the study. The instruments for data collection included quantitative (Questionnaire) and qualitative (Key Informant Interview). Analysis of the study was carried out at both univariate and bivariate levels. The findings of the study indicated a strong positive correlation between salary and job performance, with employees demonstrating competence, diligence, commitment to duties, and the ability to meet deadlines all at significance level of 0.01 and 0.05 respectively. Based on the findings, the study recommended among others that timely disbursement of salaries should be encouraged.

AI in Digital and Applied Humanities

Zahra Sadat Roozafzai — Wed, 25 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This conceptual paper explores the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in digital and applied humanities through a philosophical and phenomenological inquiry. Employing Max van Manen's "Phenomenology of Practice" (2016), the study uses a comprehensive literature review as its data source. By engaging with firsthand experiences and diverse perspectives, the research critically examines AI's potential to foster collaboration between the fields while addressing epistemological, ontological, and ethical implications. The inquiry contributes to ongoing discourse on AI's impact in the humanities by promoting cross-disciplinary collaboration, intellectual growth, and social justice. This phenomenological exploration offers valuable insights into the transformative potential of AI integration in digital and applied humanities.

Sanitary Landfill Practices and Public Health Outcomes in Southern Taraba, Nigeria

John Wajim *, Shimfe Grace Harry — Wed, 25 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Improper management of solid waste, particularly from households and communities, presents significant health risks that can facilitate the spread of diseases. Unmanaged waste, especially in landfills, attracts vectors like flies and rats, which further endanger public health. This study examined sanitary landfill practices and their impact on the health status of residents in the Southern Senatorial District of Taraba State, Nigeria. Using a cross-sectional survey design and the Urban bias theory was employed as the theoretical framework. 1,200 respondents were sampled through Taro Yamane's formula. Data were collected using quantitative questionnaires. Findings revealed prevalent landfill practices as solid waste disposal method among the residents of Southern Taraba, which significantly contribute to adverse health outcomes. Statistical analysis demonstrated a significant relationship between these disposal practices and health status, with a P-value of 0.000, well below the alpha level of 0.05. The study recommends identifying and implementing effective solid waste disposal methods to mitigate health risks and enhance public health in Southern Taraba.

The Concept of Miracle in Islam and Jesus’s Miracles

Ibrahim Bakır * — Tue, 06 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The history of religions shows that religions began at the same time as human history. Every religion has a world of beliefs, rituals and spiritual dimension. In the divine religions sent by Allah, it is seen that this memory was created by the hands of the prophets.Certain conditions are necessary to be convinced that people who claim to have received revelation are prophets. For every claim is valid with its proofs. The proofs of such a great institution as prophethood are not ordinary things, they are breathtakingly extraordinary. The most prominent of these proofs in Islamic theology is the miracle, which is a miraculous work.As in all religions from the earliest times of mankind to the present, the religion of Islam has attracted attention. In the Islamic system of thought, the miracle, which is one of the most important situations in the proof of prophethood, has a great importance. The scholars of Kalam have studied the miracle in detail in the proof of Prophethood (isbât-ı nubuwwa) and have shown its difference from other miraculous situations.

Evaluation of Effects of Different Processing Methods on The Formation of Acrylamide in Potato Chips.

Hammed Salaudeen * , Paul Omale , John Abba, Abdullah Shuaib — Mon, 10 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Acrylamide, a potential carcinogen, forms during high-temperature cooking processes such as frying, baking, and roasting, especially in starchy foods like potatoes. This study aims to evaluate the influence of different frying methods: palm oil, vegetable oil, and air frying on acrylamide formation in home-cooked potato chips. Freshly harvested potatoes were processed under varying conditions of temperature, time, and slice thickness to investigate acrylamide levels using Reverse-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) methods. Results showed significant variation in acrylamide content depending on the processing method. Palm oil frying produced acrylamide levels ranging from 405 to 534 µg/kg, with higher temperatures resulting in increased acrylamide formation. Vegetable oil frying yielded lower acrylamide levels (355–502 µg/kg), while air frying produced the highest levels (604–749 µg/kg). The study found that air frying significantly increased acrylamide content compared to conventional frying methods, likely due to the higher temperature and air-based heat transfer. The ANOVA results indicated that the processing parameters, particularly temperature, significantly influenced acrylamide formation, with R² values of 98.16%, 97.52%, and 99.23% for palm oil, vegetable oil, and air frying, respectively. This research contributes valuable insights into acrylamide mitigation strategies in potato chips production, with potential implications for improving food safety and quality.

Breathe Life Back Into Our Soil: Composting Solid Waste for Better Health and Sustainable Living in Southern Taraba, Nigeria

John Wajim *, Shimfe Grace Harry — Tue, 15 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study investigates the practice of composting solid waste as a potential strategy for improving public health in Southern Taraba, Nigeria. Utilizing a cross-sectional survey design and grounded in the Health Belief Model as the theoretical framework, a sample of 1,200 respondents was selected using Taro Yamane's formula. Data were collected using questionnaires. Findings reveal that composting, while recognized for its benefits such as enhancing food security, controlling plant diseases, and preventing pollution is not widely practiced among residents. The majority of respondents lacked awareness of composting techniques, with many citing misconceptions about its safety and efficacy. Despite its advantages, including the reduction of solid waste and the protection of underground water resources, significant barriers to adoption persist, primarily due to a lack of technological know-how. The study highlights the potential health benefits associated with composting, including reduced exposure to pollutants compared to traditional waste disposal methods. However, the underutilization of composting practices suggests a critical need for educational initiatives to enhance community understanding and engagement. By promoting awareness and providing training on composting, this research aims to contribute to better public health outcomes and sustainable waste management practices in Southern Taraba.

The Role Of Faith In Fate In Coping With Worldly Problems

Metin Şencan — Wed, 21 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Divine determining is the planning of everything happened in the past eternity and the creation of everything that will happen by Allah. Another important concept in the matter of divine determining is the power of choice. The concept of the power of choice is important as it is the area that the responsibility of the human being starts with. If the divine determining and the power of choice is not understood well, some people may put the blame of their sins and deficiencies on the divine determining or they may suppose that the good behaviours of them are belong to them and cause selfishness by attributing much value to their power of choice. At this point understanding the matter of the divine determining and the power of choice comes to the help and rescues the person from the his/her mistake. Sorrows, plagues and diseases are the sparkles of divine wisdom that foster raison d'etre and demonstrate the manifestation of Allah's names, conveying the pleasant beauties of Allah's mercy and grace.

Languages on the Move : Exploring the Metaphorical Migration, Touring, and Transfer of the English Language in an Era of Globalization.

Zahra Sadat Roozafzai — Tue, 11 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This qualitative phenomenological study explores the lived experiences and perspectives of English language learners, multilingual speakers, and educators, examining the metaphorical concepts of migration, touring, and transfer in the context of English language change and interaction. Drawing from in-depth interviews, observations, and document analysis, the research seeks to understand the ways in which individuals perceive and navigate the dynamic landscape of English as a global language. The case of the English language serves as a rich example for investigating these metaphorical aspects, given its widespread use in various domains, its adaptation in diverse cultural contexts, and its interactions with other languages. Through the phenomenological lens, participants' narratives illuminate the complexities of learning, using, and teaching English in a globalized world, shedding light on the interconnected processes of language migration, touring, and transfer. By foregrounding the lived experiences of those directly engaged with the English language, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of the ways in which languages evolve and adapt in response to human migration, cultural exchange, and global communication. Ultimately, it highlights the importance of recognizing the fluid, dynamic nature of languages and the need for educational practices that embrace this complexity.

A Morphosemantic Study of Death-Related Yorùbá Anthroponyms

Abdussalam Olawale Amoo * — Fri, 06 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This paper examines the Yorùbá conceptualisation of death as reflected in personal naming practices, particularly among those who adhere to specific cultural beliefs. It explores the morphosemantic structures underlying death-related anthroponyms within the Yorùbá-speaking communities of West Africa. These names are primarily associated with the notion of àbíkú—a child fated to die and be reborn repeatedly—a belief deeply embedded in Yorùbá traditional religion. Such names encapsulate the emotions of name givers, who express love, grief, desperation, or resignation through their naming choices. Additionally, the study considers names linked to ìpadàwayé, signifying the reincarnation of a deceased ancestor.

The dataset comprises purposively sampled names from the admission lists of universities and degree-awarding institutions across southwestern Nigeria over a five-year period. The analysis highlights the ways in which naming practices are influenced by the lived experiences and perceptions of death and rebirth among the Yorùbá. Name givers may plead with, admonish, appreciate, or even condemn the returning child through the name assigned at birth. Furthermore, death-related names tied to consanguinity serve as linguistic markers of ancestral reincarnation within families.

While modernity has influenced traditional naming conventions, remnants of this practice persist. This study contributes to the broader understanding of the cultural, linguistic, and symbolic dimensions of death in Yorùbá society. It provides a framework for semantic mapping of death-related lexemes, examines sociolinguistic factors affecting the adoption and retention of such names, and explores their broader cultural implications. Additionally, its findings have interdisciplinary relevance across fields such as anthropology, psychology, folklore studies, and literary analysis, enriching the discourse on death-related naming traditions in the Yorùbá context.

Pivotal Factors Shaping Singapore-US Relations in the First Two Decades of the 21st Century.

Truong Thi Hue* — Sat, 29 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

In the first two decades of the 21st century, the relationship between Singapore and the United States has undergone substantial development, marked by robust cooperation in security, economic affairs, and regional stability. Although Singapore is a small nation in both size and population, it has maintained a pivotal role in Southeast Asia, ensuring its relevance despite its geographical and strategic limitations. For the United States, Singapore has served as a key partner in advancing its regional interests, particularly in balancing China’s influence in Asia. This research paper aims to explore the central factors shaping the bilateral relationship between Singapore and the U.S. throughout the first twenty years of the 21st century. The focus will be on examining changes in global and regional security dynamics, the role of U.S. foreign policy, and Singapore’s approach to navigating its position between major powers. Additionally, it will analyze how trade agreements, diplomatic engagement, and defense cooperation have solidified the alliance. Ultimately, this study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the significance of Singapore-U.S. relations and the strategic choices made by both nations in the context of an increasingly complex global landscape.

Impact of Conflict on Accessibility and Effectiveness of Family Planning Services in Conflict-Affected Areas of Taraba State, Nigeria.

Andeskebtso Yohanna Adaki *, John Wajim — Sun, 27 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Previous and ongoing conflicts in Taraba State have presented significant challenges to the accessibility and effectiveness of family planning services, posing a critical problem for public health in the state. This study investigated how conflict impacted these services identifying key barriers to their delivery. The data were collected through 15 Key Informant Interviews (KII) and 10 Focus Group Discussions (FGD)were held across the selected LGAs, each involving 5-10 participants involving healthcare professionals, community leaders, and local residents. The study found that conflict severely impaired the accessibility and effectiveness of family planning services in the study area through conflict-induced damage to healthcare infrastructure, displacement of communities, and security concerns, which disrupted service continuity and outreach efforts. Economic hardships and psychological trauma were also found to hinder access to family planning services in the study area. Based on these findings, the study recommended the integration of mental health support into family planning programs, increased funding and resource allocation, and enhanced coordination to improve family planning service delivery in conflict-affected areas of Taraba State.

Wisdom and The Wisdom of Worships in Mâturîdî Thought.

Ferihan ÇAKAR — Sat, 31 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Wisdom, which is one of the basic concepts in the field of thought and science in the Islamic tradition, has the meaning of the purpose of creation and the truth of everything and it is considered as the duty of every rational person to understand the wisdom of the creatures and to know the Creator and to believe in Him. The wisdom, which is the subject of knowing the truth of things and putting it in its proper place in accordance with its own value, is present in all divine deeds and it is unthinkable that God's deeds are far from wisdom. Everything that is created in the world is for wisdom and nothing has been created in vain. In the context of God's being wise in all his divine acts in accordance with the attribute of "the Judge", all the prayers He ordered are surrounded by various wisdoms. Mind, on the other hand, has an important place in grasping the wisdom of everything that has been created, but can sometimes be incapacitated. This issue also constitutes the basis of the wisdom issue dealt with in the Mâturîdî thought system. The issue of wisdom is also critical for understanding Mâturîdî’s views on God's actions and human moral responsibility. In this study, first of all, the meaning and analysis of the concept of wisdom is emphasized, then the basic principles of Mâturîdî’s understanding of wisdom and the effects of this understanding on human moral and religious life are revealed, and the issues related to the wisdom of worship in general in terms of the necessity of gratitude to Allah are discussed and analyzed within the framework of Mâturîdî’s views.

Public Health Risks Associated With Solid Waste Disposal In Southern Taraba, Nigeria

John Wajim* , Shimfe Grace Harry — Fri, 07 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study investigates the consequences of solid waste disposal methods on the health of residents in the Southern Senatorial District of Taraba State, Nigeria. A cross-sectional survey design was employed. A total of 1,200 respondents were sampled using Taro Yamane's formula, and data were collected through questionnaires. Findings reveal that while respondents generally disagreed that improper solid waste disposal directly causes infectious diseases, they recognized significant environmental impacts, including land and water pollution, unpleasant odors, drainage blockages, and the potential for erosion and flooding. These issues highlight the risks posed by open dumpsites, which are often breeding grounds for disease vectors. Additionally, the study aligns with existing literature emphasizing the environmental and health hazards associated with inadequate waste management, particularly in low-income regions. Despite the perceived disconnect between solid waste disposal and specific diseases, the prevailing environmental contamination presents a tangible threat to public health, necessitating urgent action to improve waste management practices and raise community awareness. Ultimately, enhancing solid waste management systems is essential to safeguarding public health and promoting environmental sustainability in Southern Taraba.

The Effect of the Emergence of Digital Library Resources on Low Patronage of the Physical Library.

Nneka Jennifer Odoh * , Zainab Ololade Adewale , Israel Ochai Abimajee — Sat, 28 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study looks into the relationship between poor use of printed and physical library resources and the rise of digital and electronic resources. For many years, consumers have had access to a plethora of knowledge through printed library materials. As content shifts to digital platforms and internet access becomes more of a human right than a luxury due to technological advancements, the degree of the use and patronage of printed library materials is shifting. The global observation and recognition of the paradigm transition from print to electronic or digital resources is widely established. The idea of modernizing libraries using digital technology has emerged as a result of new technologies and is now set to permeate everyday workplace culture. Digital technology has created a sense of necessity for both professionals and individuals. It has replaced paper-based information resources systems and services with electronic ones, resulting in an explosion of information, solving space issues in traditional libraries, lowering the cost of technology, improving information quality, and saving users' time. The goal is to present a thorough analysis of how printed and electronic resources are now being used. This study examined research findings that physical, printed resources are becoming less handy with the rise of digital information resources. This has created a difficulty that results in poor consumption of printed library resources. One of these issues is that as digital library resources have become more common, researchers and students have a tendency to use electronic resources more than printed ones, which makes traditional materials appear outdated and underutilized. The primary goals of a digital library are as follows, in general. Additionally, some of these potentials and problems are examined in the context of academic libraries in this paper. A cutting-edge technological tool for professionals to acquire the knowledge and new abilities needed to work with digital libraries is the digital library.

The Mamluk Scholar Hasan b. Abī Bakr al-Maqdisī’s Method of Understanding Rü'yatullah

Emin Yalcinkaya — Tue, 21 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The theological scholar al-Maqdisī lived in the fifteenth century during the Mamluk period, a period of great scholarship in every aspect of scientific life. Although two of his works have survived to the present day, his only commentary on Bahr al-Kalām, entitled Gāyat al-Marām fī Sharḥ Bahr al-Kalām, is very important in terms of providing information about his understanding of theology and that of his period. In this study, al-Maqdisī's views on the issue of rü'yatullah will be analyzed in the context of Ghāyat al-Marām. In our country, it is seen that the studies on Mamluk scholarly life and especially the understanding of theology of this period are not at a sufficient level; however, it is known that academic works have been written and symposiums have been held in recent years. For this reason, our study aims to fill the gap in the literature on this field by showing what kind of a structure theology had in the Mamluks from the perspective of al-Maqdisī. Our article will be based primarily on the commentary entitled Ghāyat al-Marām, since it contains al-Maqdisī's views. In addition, for a better understanding of the subject, the views of the Māturīdī theological scholars who lived in the Mutaqaddimūn and Maturkhirūn periods will be included. In his commentary, al-Maqdisī explains the issue of rü'yatullah by taking the classical Māturīdī view into account; however, since he lived in the Maturahkhirūn period, it has been determined that he provided a better understanding of the subject by frequently referring to logical propositions. Especially in the subject we are studying, the verses cited as evidence are explained by logical arguments. As a result, the fact that he wrote his work with such a point of view at a time when logic and philosophy were distant reveals that he went to a different type of writing than other scholars.

From Smoke To Sickness : Rethinking Waste Incineration For A Healthier Southern Taraba

Wajim John, Shimfe Grace Harry — Tue, 28 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study investigates the impact of solid waste incineration on public health in Southern Taraba, Nigeria. Using a cross-sectional survey design, 1,200 respondents were sampled through Taro Yamane's formula. Data were collected using questionnaires. Findings reveal that while a majority of residents are aware of incineration practices, many believe it serves as an effective waste disposal method. However, the research highlights significant health risks associated with incineration, including respiratory issues, air and land pollution, and exacerbation of chronic diseases. Respondents reported symptoms such as shortness of breath, sore throats, and dizziness, attributed to exposure to toxic emissions from incineration. The study corroborates existing literature that underscores the harmful effects of improper waste management practices. Recommendations emphasize the need for safer waste disposal methods and public awareness campaigns to mitigate health risks and promote environmental sustainability in the region.

Thoughts of Bosnian Reformer Scholar Husein Đozo on The Subject of Prophethood.

Dr. Samed Omerdic — Tue, 08 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Husein Đozo’s views on prophethood are particularly examined in the context of the Prophet's role as a messenger and his miracles. Indeed, belief in the Prophets is one of the six articles of faith. Denying the Prophets is considered an act of disbelief, as rejecting a Prophet means refusing to acknowledge what he has conveyed from Almighty God. According to Ahl al-Sunnah, believing in all Prophets without distinction is obligatory.

The Aesthetics of Place and Displacement in Ushie's Eco-Poetics.

Azetu Azashi AGYO * , Bassey Ude Bassey — Fri, 28 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This paper examines the portrayal of environmental exploitation and destruction in Joe Ushe’s "Hill Songs". Focusing on the African context, the poet sheds light on the detrimental effects of leaders exploiting natural resources for personal gain. Through vivid imagery and metaphors, the poems illustrate the relentless and destructive behaviour of the exploiters, symbolized as African mosquitoes and scavengers. The analysis uses ecocritical literary theory to explore the underlying themes of human indifference, the complex relationship between humans and nature, and the consequences of unsustainable practices. In Hill Songs, Ushie employs the metaphor of mosquitoes drilling and sucking the peasant blood (natural resources) to depict the exploitative nature of the well-to-do individuals. The poem highlights the exploiter's consistent and unapologetic actions, disregarding the suffering of the victims and leaving the land empty and depleted. The imagery of a persistent horn sounding in the persona's ear emphasises the exploiter's disregard for human welfare and their insatiable greed. Furthermore, the poem suggests that nature serves as a refuge from human interference, but it also conveys the consequences of human actions on the environment. The persona's cautionary tone warns against the destructive impact of exploitative practices and emphasizes the need to protect the environment. The poems highlight the urgent need to address environmental crises and advocate for the preservation of the natural world. This study underscores the aesthetics employed by Ushie, including vivid imagery, sensory language, metaphors, and irony, to convey the destructive relationship between humans and the environment. The exploration of these themes and literary techniques provides valuable insights into the consequences of environmental exploitation and serves as a compelling call to action to protect and preserve the environment for future generations.

Political Advertising

Nisanur Aydın * — Sun, 18 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Political advertising is an important type of advertising that affects voters' behavior during election periods. During these periods, political actors try to influence voters positively and gain their votes with election campaigns targeting their target audience. In political advertisements, the aim is to tell voters about the candidates' promises, achievements and projects. In political advertisements, the aim is to influence voters' perceptions and behaviors by supporting visual and linguistic elements. Although political advertising in Türkiye began with posters and radio speeches, it became professionalized with the campaigns that the Justice Party conducted with an advertising agency in 1977. Today, with the developing technology, the campaigns have diversified and are being used more effectively. The media plays an extremely active role in the dissemination of these advertisements. The joint implementation of public relations and advertisements allows the campaigns to be more effective. In this research, it provides the framing of political advertising, its change from the rotten past, the functioning of political advertising, the details of political advertising, political advertising strategies, the relationship of political advertising with public commerce, the realization of political advertising, the purposes of political advertisements and the election strategies of the Justice and Development Party and the Republican People's Party in the 2023 Türkiye General Elections are examined.

Changes In Income Levels And Consumption Patterns: The Demographic Drivers Of Climate Change In Jalingo Metropolis Of Taraba State, Nigeria.

John Wajim *, Andeskebtso Yohanna Adaki, Amadi Gloria Ekenedilichukwu — Tue, 25 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Income levels and consumption patterns are said to be significant contributors to the rising temperatures worldwide, while climate change has been a critical global challenge. As the global population continues to grow and urbanize, the demand for energy, transportation, and goods rises which influence climate change. Two theories were adopted for the study which include; Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) Theory and Ecological Modernization Theory. The study employed a cross-sectional survey design which efficiently enabled the researchers to collect data from a sample within a short period of time and make broader conclusions on the entire study’s population. For the comprehensive exploration of the research issues related to the influence of changes in income levels and consumption patterns on climate change in Jalingo Metropolis, Taraba State; Taro Yamane’s formula was adopted to generate 400 sample size out of the 581,000 population of the study’s universe. Two-Way ANOVA was employed to test the hypothesis since it deals with two independent variables and a dependent variable analysis. The findings of the study were significant at the P-value of 0.007. This implied that changes in income levels and consumption patterns are significantly responsible for climate change in Jalingo Metropolis, Taraba State. Based on the findings, the study recommends that environmental regulations should be strictly enforced and offenders should be handsomely fined in respect to uncontrolled dumping of waste resulting from their behaviourial consumption patterns, public awareness campaign on the dire consequences on waste generation should be organized, including the effective implementation o.f recycling programmes. In addition, waste reduction practices that can limit greenhouse gas emissions related to waste disposal should also be advocated for.

Analyzing The Role of International Organization in Addressing Climate Change and Agriculture

Fada Mallam, Birat Sylvester Garb , Sheyin Emmanuel Ali — Thu, 06 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Climate change poses a significant threat to global agriculture, impacting food security, livelihoods, and ecosystems. As the effects of climate change become increasingly evident, the role of international organizations in addressing these challenges has gained prominence. This paper examines the contributions and strategies of key international organizations, such as the United Nations (UN), the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), and the World Bank, in mitigating the effects of climate change on agriculture. The objectives of this analysis are to identify the mechanisms through which these organizations influence agricultural practices, promote sustainable development, and foster international cooperation in climate action. The paper highlights several main ideas, including the importance of policy frameworks established by international organizations that guide member states in integrating climate resilience into agricultural planning. It also explores initiatives aimed at capacity building, technology transfer, and financial support for developing countries, which are often the most vulnerable to climate impacts. Furthermore, the paper discusses the role of international organizations in facilitating knowledge-sharing and best practices among nations, which is crucial for enhancing adaptive capacities in agriculture. The paper also highlighted the roles of united nations environmental programme (UNEP) as well as impacts of climate change. In conclusion, the findings underscore that international organizations play a pivotal role in shaping global responses to the intersection of climate change and agriculture. Their efforts in promoting sustainable practices, fostering collaboration, and supporting vulnerable communities are essential for building resilience and ensuring food security in an era of climate uncertainty. Continued engagement and innovation from these organizations will be vital in addressing the ongoing challenges posed by climate change to agricultural systems worldwide. This analysis contributes to a deeper understanding of the mechanisms at play and underscores the need for strengthened global cooperation in tackling one of the most pressing issues of our time.

The Role of Informal Credit Groups (ICGs) on the Economy of Rural Areas in Cross River State, Nigeria

Thu, 09 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study explores the role of Informal Credit Groups (ICGs) on the economy of rural areas in Cross River State. The study employ the survey design to collect both quantitative and qualitative data from 567 respondents from 63 informal credit groups across various rural communities in Cross River State. Using frequency counts, mean ranking, percentages, standard deviation and ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) with Least Significant Difference (LSD) multiple comparison test to analyse data collected using questionnaire and interview schedule, among other findings, the study revealed that Informal Credit Groups attached high sense of responsibility and preference to married patrons as basis for collateral and its management. Respondents were more prominent in the usage of rotatory savings followed by fixed savings as forms of informal credit system; the relationship between the influence of patrons’ marital status and Informal Credit Groups’ usage among the various categories of Informal Credit Groups showed a significant usage in rotatory and fixed savings; higher demands and family responsibilities were found to be motivating factors for Informal Credit Groups’ patronage among married patrons; Result based on patrons response indicates that factors such as: fear (3.20), extortion (3.16%) and exploitation from executives (3.14), poor management (3.04), could constitute challenges to the effective patronage and utilization of ICGs in Cross River State. Recommendations that can improve the operations of Informal Credit Groups, alleviate poverty and foster rural development were made.

Exploring Bodily Metaphor and Rhetorics of Dissent in Niyi Osundare's and Joe Ushie's Poetics

Azetu Azashi AGYO * — Thu, 24 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The escalating climate crises and socio-economic instability in Africa underscore the urgent need for a reimagined relationship between humanity and the environment. The works of Joe Ushie and Niyi Osundare, prominent figures in African ecopoetry, offer a compelling lens through which to explore this intersection. While existing studies have examined the use of environmental themes in African literature, there is a dearth of research focusing specifically on bodily metaphor, revolutionary temper, and the call for sustainable development in osundare and ushie's poetics. Previous analyses have primarily concentrated on traditional aesthetics or political power without fully exploring how bodily metaphors and revolutionary poetics are employed to critique environmental degradation and systemic oppression. This study addresses this gap by providing a nuanced analysis of how both poets deploy visceral imagery to advocate for environmental justice and systemic change. Grounded in Conceptual Metaphor Theory (Lakoff & Johnson, 1980), ecocriticism (Glotfelty & Fromm, 1996), and postcolonial theory (Fanon, Said), this study reveals how Joe Ushie and Niyi Osundare use bodily metaphors and revolutionary poetics to critique environmental degradation and systemic oppression. Ushie’s Hill Songs and Song of the Dead employ metaphors of parasitism and bodily violation to expose exploitative capitalist structures, while The Hills Will Rise Again presents a narrative of resilience against ecological and economic plunder. Similarly, Osundare’s works, such as Our Earth Will Not Die and Ours to Plough, Not to Plunder, denounce industrial pollution and advocate for sustainable practices through urgent, revolutionary rhetoric. By engaging with African ecopoetry as a mode of literary activism, this study highlights how Ushie and Osundare’s works contribute to contemporary discourses on sustainability, governance, and resistance. In an era of escalating climate crises and socio-economic instability, their poetry remains profoundly relevant, urging a reimagined relationship between humanity and the environment. Furthermore, by examining how these poets frame environmental justice as an extension of political resistance, this research underscores the role of African ecopoetry in mobilizing social change and advocating for sustainable futures. The findings of this study contribute to existing scholarship by demonstrating the power of literature to inspire ecological consciousness and challenge systemic injustices, offering a nuanced understanding of how poetry can serve as a tool for environmental activism and political mobilization.

Interaction effect of concept mapping strategy on pupils' achievement in vocabulary across school type in Makurdi Local Govt. Area, Benue State

Gwadue Chieorga; Vika Tensaba Akafa; Ruth Doofan Chieorga-Gwadue — Tue, 14 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The study investigated interaction effect of concept mapping strategy on pupils' achievement in vocabulary across school type in Makurdi Local Government Area, Benue State-Nigeria. It was guided by two research questions and two hypotheses. Quasi-experimental research design was adopted for the study. Proportionate stratified random sampling technique was used to sample 103 lower basic five pupils in four intact classes. Vocabulary Achievement Test (VAT) was used for data collection while lesson plans were used for treatment. Mean and standard deviation was used to analysed the data while Analysis of Covariance(ANCOVA) was used to test the two hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The findings of the study revealed that pupils in public schools performed better than pupils in the private schools in vocabulary achievement when taught using concept mapping strategy. The study also showed that the interaction effect of concept mapping strategy and school type was not statistically significant. The study recommended among others that English Language teachers in both public and private schools shold refrain from limiting themselves to the use of conventional stategy of teaching pupils vocabulary.

Key words: Concept mapping, vocabulary, interaction, pupils, school type

Quantum Dimensional Intelligence

Zeynep Zekiye Öz — Sat, 11 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000

While the theory of relativity is considered to be the most important theory of modern physics concerning the macro realm, the most important theory concerning the micro realm is quantum theory. Quantum physics, which is also the subject of discussion in theology in the context of religion-science relationship, is important in terms of understanding the issues related to the metaphysical realm. This study examines whether it is possible to construct a quantum theology and reveals that a new paradigm is needed in the context of the relationship between physics and metaphysics. In this respect, this book, which we will introduce, is important in terms of understanding the relationship between quantum physics and metaphysics.

Religiosity, Spirituality, and Mental Health : A Review

Nurhayat Soylu* — Wed, 28 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This review aims to explore the complex relationship between religiosity, spirituality (R/S), and mental health, drawing upon a broad range of empirical studies published over the last three decades. While R/S has historically been perceived with skepticism in psychiatric discourse, contemporary research increasingly recognizes its significant implications for psychological well-being. The review synthesizes findings from clinical and non-clinical populations regarding the influence of R/S on depression, suicide, anxiety disorders, substance use, and negative religious coping. Most studies demonstrate a protective effect of R/S against depressive symptoms, suicidal ideation, and substance abuse, particularly in individuals under high stress. Conversely, maladaptive religious coping—such as feelings of spiritual abandonment or divine punishment—is associated with increased psychological distress. The paper also addresses the bidirectional nature of these relationships, emphasizing that R/S can function both as a resource and a risk factor depending on the context and individual differences. While substantial evidence supports the integration of spiritual assessment into clinical settings, the review also identifies gaps in the literature, notably concerning conditions like OCD and eating disorders. It concludes by recommending that mental health professionals incorporate R/S into patient care to enhance therapeutic outcomes and foster holistic well-being.

Transhumanism and Qur'an-Centered Human Conception: A Contemporary Approach.

Edanur Özyılmaz — Fri, 24 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Transhumanism, which emerged in the second half of the 20th century, is a movement that argues human nature is not fixed and immutable; rather, it can be transformed through technological and scientific innovations. In the transhumanist future, human forms are expressed through terms such as transhuman, posthuman, cyborg, and homo cyberneticus, reflecting the potential and levels of advancement of nanotechnology, biotechnology, and information technology in transforming humanity. From a Quran-centered perspective, humans are rational beings endowed with free will and bear responsibility. The most fundamental responsibility of a human is to recognize their Creator and their servitude. Humans, who are obliged to reflect the exemplary personalities of God's prophets, the vicegerents of Allah on Earth, are also tasked with cultivating the land. In the face of ideologies like transhumanism that aim to transcend human biological and cognitive limits, we believe it is crucial to revisit the Islamic conception of humanity. We are of the opinion that the studies conducted in this direction will be an important step towards reinterpreting Islam's universal message and providing solutions to contemporary issues.

The Human Search for Meaning in the Postmodern Age of Speed: The Influence of Ibn al-Waqt as a Sufi Teaching in the Context of Religious Education

Fatma Nur Bozkaya * — Sun, 22 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The postmodern era has radically transformed the individual’s relationship with time and meaning; fixed truths, rooted identities, and coherent value systems have been replaced by temporary, relative, and fragmented structures. This transformation has caused a significant rupture in the individual's quest for meaning. In particular, the culture of speed, consumption, and superficiality has stripped the concept of time of its depth. The concept of Ibn al-Waqt (Child of the Moment) in Sufi thought offers an alternative model of existence in response to this crisis. It proposes that instead of being trapped in the sorrow of the past or the anxiety of the future, the individual should perceive the present moment as a divine manifestation.

This study examines the influence of the Ibn al-Waqt doctrine on the postmodern individual’s search for meaning, exploring its psychological, educational, and spiritual dimensions. Based on an evaluation of relevant literature, it is concluded that this understanding strengthens individual mental well-being, brings inner awareness and depth to religious education, and offers a Sufi perspective on the modern crisis of meaning. The study also reveals that the Ibn al-Waqt teaching is not merely a mystical concept of the past but a meaningful and applicable response to the existential problems of modern humans.