International Journal of Emerging Multidisciplinaries: Social Science

Ethnicity in Nigeria:Reflections on Achieving Unity in Diversity

Dr Idowu Johnson — 2024-09-09

Ethnicity is an important factor of interactions in a multi-ethnic societies like Nigeria. This explains its centrality in the nature and character of Nigerian state within the context of inter-group relations. The complexity of ethnicity has adversely affected inter-group relations in Nigeria. Thus, the influence of ethnic consciousness on the politics of Nigeria cannot be ignored. Rather than becoming more unified and cohesive, Nigeria remains deeply divided as ever before. This paper argues that no matter the centrality of conflict in inter-group relations, social interactions are usually dynamic and the pervasiveness of conflict also depends on the strategies in which group relations are managed. The paper seeks to demonstrate on one hand the historical exploration of ethnicity and ethnic politics in contemporary Nigeria and on the other hand, the need to use ethnicity as a national integration project. Thus, it is pertinent to evolve a state-wide national identity from the many ethno-cultural groupings with which they are presently constituted in Nigeria. This is important because unity in diversity can be a tool for socio-economic development in Nigeria.

The Role of AI in Shaping the Future of Labor Markets: A Comparative Analysis of Developed vs. Emerging Economies

Fahad Masood — 2024-11-12

This research explores the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in shaping labor markets, focusing on a comparative analysis between developed and emerging economies, specifically the United States and India. Using a mixed-methods approach, the study evaluates AI’s impact on productivity, employment trends, and policy responses in both contexts. Findings indicate that AI drives significant productivity gains and job shifts in developed economies, while emerging economies face challenges due to limited infrastructure and slower AI adoption. The analysis underscores the need for tailored strategies in workforce development, emphasizing education, retraining, and policy interventions. The study also identifies gaps in AI adoption and proposes recommendations for future integration. Limitations include a focus on only two countries and rapidly evolving AI technologies. Further research is suggested to explore sector-specific effects and broader global comparisons.

Internal Structures, Foreign Economic Policies and Global Economic Order: Implications from the Rise of Large Emerging Economies

Munaza Khalid — 2024-05-22

The development of critical arising economies like Brazil, India, and China addresses a huge present-day shift in the worldwide political and monetary field. This article investigates whether these nations have a typical institutional structure for running their economies and investigates the potential impacts of these similitudes on global monetary establishments. The procedure is separated into three fundamental stages: initially, a complete ideal model called the "state-penetrated market economy" is made to address private enterprise in these significant arising economies; second, an exact examination of these nations is done, contrasting them with different types of private enterprise and in light of the highlights framed in the best model; and third, long haul suggestions are anticipated for the worldwide financial request, expecting that unfamiliar monetary strategies will reflect homegrown institutional designs. Given these stages, it is reasoned that there is minimal possibility of a critical fortifying of the liberal global request.

Issues and Debates Surrounding the Cold War era in Africa

Yaweh Filibus — 2024-10-24

This paper examines the issues and debates surrounding the Cold War era in Africa, examining the impact of superpower rivalries on the political and social atmosphere of the continent. The research problem centers on understanding how Cold War politics impacted state-building processes and governance in African states. The primary objectives are to analyze the influence of U.S. and Soviet support on authoritarian regimes, assess the implications for human rights and democracy, and investigate the enduring legacy of these interventions in post-colonial Africa. The research argues that external interventions prioritized geopolitical interests over local sovereignty, fostering corruption and political instability. Utilizing historical methodology, the study relies on secondary sources, including books, journals, and online resources, to provide analysis. The findings reveal that Cold War patronage not only entrenched dictatorial regimes but also hindered the development of independent political institutions, leading to persistent challenges in governance. The paper concludes that understanding the implications of Cold War for Africa is germane for addressing contemporary issues of democracy, human rights, and development, emphasizing the need for a reassessment of external influences in influencing African political trajectories.

The Role and Impact of Saudi Vision 2030 in Leadership Development

Afnan Alnajim — 2024-03-30

Organizations continually try to improve the level of leadership capability and increase the number of qualified successors for leadership positions by supporting leadership development (LD) training program. This qualitative research explores the influence and impact of Saudi Vision 2030 in developing potential and existing leaders to succeed as leaders and support the realization of Saudi Vision 2030. The study is conducted to bridge the gap and highlight the influence and impact of Saudi Vision 2030 in LD. Analyzing the influence of Saudi Vision 2030 in LD will significantly help HR leaders to assess, identify, and evaluate the needs of LD programs in the organization. The study is aimed at two main objectives: First, identifying the LD programs in light of Saudi Vision 2030. Second, assessing the impact of LD programs in achieving the goals of Saudi Vision 2030. A purposeful sample of seven participants is drawn from semi-structured interviews conduced by a researcher from Oil & Gas Company at Saudi Arabia. The results provide evidence that LD programs are essential. The results provide evidence that designing and implementing LD programs to fill a leadership gap is productive. The study supports the influence and impact of Saudi Vision 2030 in LD, by the expansion and implementation of LD programs in the Saudi labor market. Participants who pursued LD opportunities indicated the importance of institutional involvement in LD programs.

"China and Russia Strengthen Strategic Alliance: A United Front over U.S. Dominance"

Munaza Khalid — 2024-09-21

If Russia does not swiftly enact democratic reforms, China and Russia will continue to battle for dominance of the world order for the next ten years. It is anticipated that it will involve the Global South and turn into a confrontation between the forces attempting to preserve the status quo. Leading the effort to overthrow the US-centered current order are China and Russia. It is expected that the result will be known with certainty once both teams have increased their level of competition. Rather, as the argument rages on, feelings will most likely begin to show. Effective competition management is essential for both parties to prevent destabilising factors such as inadvertent confrontations and unanticipated escalation. Whether or not China can be prevented from using force to alter the status quo unilaterally will be the primary element determining how the battle for international order plays out in the future.

CLIMATE CHANGE: MIGRATION AND POPULATION REDISTRIBUTION CHALLENGES

Linus Akeh — 2024-08-26

Discourses on climate change affecting population migration and distributional pattern has dominated the global space for the past three decades. Proffering sustainable solutions to its increasing concern is the principal focus of this study. The paper is theoritical and explored published literature in its interrogation. Results indicates that human climate impact is not only complicated, but also misunderstood by many. Attempting to solve a problem that is not understood, yet complicated will yield no positive results. Population migration concept occasioned by climatic changes requires headlong approaches to solve. Nigeria in recent times has witnessed urban floods, heat islands, and some storms that left along its path unusual negative consequences. The paper recommends holistic action to reverse global warming through adaptation, mitigation and disaster risk reduction. Again, capacity building for early warning systems, enhanced public awareness, as well as loco-specific initiatives and geo-engineering strategies. It is believed that these measures could certainly alleviate the suffering that comes from forced migrations and population redistribution or dislocation arising from inclement climate variations.

CORRUPTION AND POLITICAL PARTY PERFORMANCE IN NIGERIA’S FOURTH REPUBLIC; FOCUS ON PEOPLES DEMOCRATIC PARTY

QUADRI GANIU OLUSEGUN — 2024-08-12

One of the perennial challenges facing the Nigerian polity is corruption and the political space was not left out in this regard. Despite the fact that political parties are the bedrock of democratic settings as they perform the functions of political recruitment, socialization, articulation as well as strengthening the competition in the political space, lack of ideology, corrupt practices and intra-party contradictions have hindered them from meeting their expectations. This paper interrogated the effects of corruption on political party performance in Nigeria’s Fourth Republic with much focus on the Peoples Democratic Party (PDP) and to proffer solutions on how the menace could be curbed to enhance the internal democracy and potential of the PDP to capture the state power. The paper adopted qualitative research method through the use of secondary data such as journals, textbooks and periodicals and also utilized the clientelism model as a framework of analysis. The study reveals that corruption has eaten deep into the fabric of all democratic institutions in the state including the political parties as the electoral processes have been monetized beyond reasonable doubt. The study, therefore, recommended among others that the democratic institutions in the state such as political parties and the electoral commission be strengthened so as to promote good governance, values ethics and national prosperity. Again, there should be focus on meritocracy in selecting the leadership of political parties and party candidates rather than emphasis on nepotism and relying on patron-client agreements where the patrons decide who and how leaders are elected. This will go along to establish a just, fair and an egalitarian society.

Cyberwarfare and Arms Control: Analyzing the SolarWinds Hack of 2020

Iranyang Bala — 2024-11-23

This research examines the implications of cyber warfare on international arms control, particularly in light of the SolarWinds hack, a pivotal event explaining the vulnerabilities in our increasingly digital world. Dependency on cyberspace has rendered states susceptible to emerging threats, while existing arms control treaties, relics of the Cold War, have failed to adapt to contemporary realities. Employing an ex post facto research design, this study utilizes secondary data analyzed through content analysis, grounded in Realism theory as the analytical framework. The findings reveal the multifaceted challenges posed by cyber warfare, including issues of attribution, pervasive mistrust among nation-states, economic repercussions, attacks on critical infrastructure, and intensified international rivalries. The SolarWinds hack serves as a case study that underscores the urgent need for modernizing arms control regimes to address these new dynamics. The study concludes that without proactive adaptations in international security frameworks, the risks associated with cyber warfare will continue to escalate, jeopardizing global stability and undermining cooperative efforts to ensure a secure future. This research calls for a re-evaluation of arms control in the context of cyber threats, emphasizing the necessity for innovative strategies to enhance resilience and promote trust among states.

The Pattern of Career Aspirations among Chemistry Students in Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State

Adeshewa Ogunwole — 2024-05-27

This study checked for factors like how gender affects the choice of career to find out if students are influenced by so many factors that do not allow them to follow their choice of career. A purposeful sampling was used to select students in chemistry and chemistry education. Questionnaire was administered to ensure true validity of the study and then necessary data was collected through a carefully structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed by converting the data to main frequency count and standard deviation. 223 students make up the sample size for this study. From the data obtained, the finding show that the choice of career aspirations of students is affected by their gender by the means of male (3.04) and female (3.15) which is greater than the decision making 2.5. The findings showed that students are influenced by friends, social and social economic status by mean of (3.10). The findings also showed that parents play a major role in influencing their children choice of career by the mean of (2.66) and lastly the findings showed that guardian and counseling center in the school also influence career aspirations of students by mean of (2.79). In conclusion, a student's professional goals should be determined by their academic performance rather than by factors like popularity, parental influence, social position, or economic standing.

Turning Trash Into Treasure: The Impact of Recycling on Public Health In Southern Taraba, Nigeria.

Wajim John — 2024-12-09

This study examines the impact of recycling on public health in Southern Taraba, revealing that most respondents acknowledge the health implications of recycling. Using a cross-sectional survey design and the Health Belief Model as the theoretical framework, 1,200 respondents were sampled through Taro Yamane's formula. Data were collected using quantitative questionnaires. Findings indicate that proximity to recycling bins significantly enhances household recycling behaviors. Despite challenges such as inadequate waste management infrastructure and public awareness, recycling serves as a vital livelihood for scavengers and merchants. The research highlights recycling as a cost-effective and environmentally friendly waste disposal method that reduces air and water pollution and minimizes waste toxicity in landfills. It is recommended that establishing a robust recycling system could improve environmental health and resource allocation, promoting community well-being and sustainable waste management practices in the region.

Group Dynamics and Public Policy Formation: Insights from Nigerian Society

Michael Ayobami Fajobi — 2024-03-30

This paper appraises the theoretical assumptions of group theory within the purview of public policy with a specific focus on the Nigerian context. It begins by providing conceptual clarity on policy, public policy, and public policy analysis to lay the foundation for the subsequent discussion. The paper then examines the underlying assumptions of group theory and critiques its applicability within public policy discourse. Through the analysis of secondary data, this paper explores the role of group theory in shaping policy formulation and implementation processes. It highlights the significant influence of group actions on government policies, illustrating how various interest groups exert pressure and influence decision-making processes. This paper concludes that public policy emerges as a result of collective agitation and interaction within a given society. It recognises that various groups play pivotal roles in shaping policy outcomes, yet their actions are typically governed by established rules, fostering a climate of peaceful competition among competing interests.

“Strategic Collaboration: Brazil, China, India, Russia, and the United States (U.S)”

Munaza Khalid — 2024-10-04

Russia and China aim to challenge US hegemony and gain influence in previously US-dominated countries. One of these countries is Brazil. Historically, Brazil and the United States have relied heavily on stable partnerships. Russian and Chinese influence in Brazil could alter Brazilian aims and impact relations with the United States. This may have an impact on US interests in Brazil. The paper examines the impact of Russian and Chinese influence in Brazil on US national interests through diplomatic, informational, military, and economic means. The conclusion Russia is fanning tensions in Latin America, while China promotes economic competition with the US in the region. Both measures have implications for US interests in Brazil.

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The Impact of Monetary and Fiscal Policies on the Stock Market and Bond Funds: Evidence from Panel VAR Model

Zhibin Zhou — 2024-09-12

This study examines the relationship between bond fund flows and stock market returns in emerging countries and the impact of monetary and fiscal policies on stock market returns and bond fund flowability. The results of the experiment indicate that, for emerging countries, bond fund flows are related to stock market returns in the previous period, with expansionary monetary policy having a negative impact on bond fund flows and expansionary fiscal policy having a positive impact on bond flows. When stock markets deteriorate and economic conditions are in the doldrums, bond funds flourish and bond fund liquidity increases.

The Impact of Burkina Faso’s Military Coup on Ghanaian Banks Stock Valuation: An Event Study

Isaac Kwesi Sam — 2024-12-05

The study aimed to investigates how political instability in neighboring countries influences stock Valuation and investors sentiment in emerging markets and the moderating role played by proper mix of capital structure, financial slack and the Covid-19 pandemic on this impact. This topic has become important given the current political tension amongst nations and how they impact business operation. Moreover literature on political instability in Africa specifically in Ghana from a neighboring country is lacking.

To calculate our dependent variable Cumulative Abnormal Returns(CAR) we collected daily stock price data of 8 listed Ghanaian banks for the event window. We tested the moderating effects of financial slack represented by debt-to-equity, capital adequacy ratio and quick ratio on Cumulative Abnormal Returns using R statistical together with excel.

The finding reveals that mean Cumulative Abnormal Return pre event was negative at -4.19% suggesting that investors sentiment was already negative before the coup, on the event day banks recorded a slightly positive mean of at 1.48% reflecting the market reassessment of stabilization as investors reacted to the news, the post event Cumulative Abnormal Returns increased to 5.72% showing that the impact of the coup continued even after the coup , meaning investors may have shifted their assets to Ghana in search of stability. Furthermore the findings reveals that maintaining excess liquidity and keeping the right mix of debt to equity and Capital adequacy do not moderate the impact of the coup on Cumulative Abnormal Returns. In a more striking finding the covid-19 pandemic was seen to have significantly moderated the effect of the coup on Cumulative Abnormal Returns with a p-value of 0.000127.Indicating that when two major events occur simultaneously, it is crucial to analyze both to prevent misattributing observed effects to a single event

Africa's Strategic Importance to Norway and other Global Powers

Anthony Amoi — 2024-09-27

Africa has assumed a central position to major and emerging and global powers on account of its strategic resources. Its traditional partners draw on their long: relationship with the continent to build new partnerships that are mutually beneficial to both parties. Norway speed to forge a strong partnership with the continent finds itself in contention with China which has made a strong foray into Africa. The study’s investigation applies a qualitative research design in its enquiry. It employs a descriptive research approach to interrogate the evidence. The study establishes that a partner that have been Africa to resolve its key challenges including poverty and conflict may have a better reception in the continent which will in turn operates strategic opportunities to it. As different powers jostled for influence in Africa, the continent has to strategically position itself to draw concessions that are important to its interests. Actors such as Norway need not be focused on checking China’s influence in Africa, instead they should find gaps not covered by China that they could exploit in furtherance of their foreign policy objectives.

Behavioral Finance: Investor Psychology in Volatile Markets

Fahad Masood — 2024-11-16

Behavioral finance offers critical insights into how psychological biases shape investor decision-making, particularly during periods of market volatility. Traditional finance theories assume rational behavior, but behavioral finance highlights how emotions and cognitive biases like overconfidence, herding, loss aversion, and anchoring significantly impact market dynamics. In volatile markets, these biases become more pronounced, often resulting in irrational actions that deviate from rational expectations. This paper explores the role of investor psychology in influencing market outcomes, examining biases and emotional factors that drive investor actions. Practical implications of this understanding suggest strategies to mitigate risk and stabilize markets, such as behavioral nudges and AI-driven advisory tools. The paper also identifies research gaps, especially in understanding the influence of digital platforms and social media on investor behavior, indicating areas for further study to deepen our grasp of investor psychology in an increasingly digital world.

Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Financial Markets

Fahad Masood — 2024-11-13

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has rapidly transformed financial markets, enhancing efficiency, precision, and scalability in trading, risk management, fraud detection, and personalization. Through advanced machine learning models, AI has enabled high-frequency trading, predictive risk assessment, and robust compliance processes, which streamline operations and improve market responsiveness. However, the complexity and opacity of AI systems introduce ethical concerns and regulatory challenges, especially regarding model interpretability and potential biases. This paper examines the role of AI across financial functions, highlights both advantages and limitations compared to traditional methods, and discusses future directions for integrating hybrid models and adaptive trading strategies. While AI offers considerable benefits, addressing its ethical and regulatory implications will be essential to harnessing its full potential within financial markets.