Deng Mile , Ryan Chia Chung Hern, Meng Chengshuo , Pan Junyu , Lei Kaisong ,. “Stable Backpropagation in Deep Image Recognition: A VGGNet-Centered Analysis With Modern AI Perspectives”. International Journal of Emerging Multidisciplinaries: Computer Science & Artificial Intelligence 4, no. 2 (June 25, 2026). Accessed August 25, 2026. https://ojs.ijemd.com/index.php/ComputerScienceAI/article/view/638.