Deng Mile , Ryan Chia Chung Hern, Meng Chengshuo , Pan Junyu , Lei Kaisong ,. 2026. “Stable Backpropagation in Deep Image Recognition: A VGGNet-Centered Analysis With Modern AI Perspectives”. International Journal of Emerging Multidisciplinaries: Computer Science & Artificial Intelligence 4 (2). https://doi.org/10.54938/ijemdcsai.2026.04.2.638.