International Journal of Emerging Multidisciplinaries: Biomedical and Clinical Research

Diagnosis, Treatment and Future Perspectives in Artificial Intelligence and Neuronal Diseases.

Sara Raouf, Diar Raouf, Lana Raouf, Eda Alemdar * — 2025-02-19

This article focuses on the role of Artificial Intelligence in the diagnosis and treatment of neuronal diseases and future perspectives on the subject. Neuronal diseases involve complex pathophysiological processes that affect the central and peripheral nervous systems and can cause permanent damage to the cognitive, motor and sensory functions of individuals. Diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and multiple sclerosis (MS) are characterized by degeneration of nerve cells, neuroinflammation and neurotransmitter imbalances. Early diagnosis of neuronal diseases is of critical importance in slowing down the progression of the disease, controlling symptoms and improving the quality of life of patients. However, one of the biggest challenges in the diagnosis of these diseases is that symptoms usually appear in the advanced stages of the disease process. In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI)-supported technologies have made great progress in the diagnosis of neurological diseases. Artificial intelligence can analyze biomarkers in blood, cerebrospinal fluid or saliva to detect the disease in its early stages. By processing this data with deep learning techniques, artificial intelligence can detect disease symptoms at early stages and support personalized diagnosis and treatment processes. Electrophysiological data analysis also plays an important role in the diagnosis of neurological diseases. Artificial intelligence algorithms can detect abnormal brain activities by processing EEG (electroencephalography) and MEG (magnetoencephalography) data. For example, in epilepsy patients, seizures can be predicted before they start using machine learning, while in dementia patients, changes in brain waves can be detected at an early stage. Artificial intelligence can learn how disease symptoms change in different individuals by analyzing a lot of patient data from around the world. While this process allows machine learning models to make more precise and reliable diagnoses, systems developed on the basis of Dr. Roman Poznanski's DOT (Dynamic Optimization of Thought) theory offer a new method in the diagnosis of neurological diseases. Artificial intelligence has become an effective tool in slowing down the progression of neurological diseases by optimizing patients' individualized treatment plans. In the future, it will be possible to develop more integrated and dynamic solutions for the diagnosis, monitoring and treatment of neurological diseases thanks to DOT theory and conscious artificial intelligence models. These systems will analyze brain functions not only through biological data but also in the context of energy flows and information processing processes, providing personalized, optimized and preventive approaches.

Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices Regarding Dengue Fever Prevalence Among Febrile Patients in Adamawa State, Nigeria

Ibrahim Isa — 2025-01-02

Dengue fever (DF) is increasingly recognized as a significant viral infection with global public health implications. It causes morbidity and mortality, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. Understanding the knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to dengue fever can provide valuable insights for efficient disease management. This study aimed to assess the level of knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding dengue fever prevalence among febrile patients attending public health facilities in Adamawa, Nigeria. Six hundred sera were collected from febrile patients seeking medical attention in three selected hospitals across three Local Government Areas. A self-designed structured questionnaire, captured socio-demographic information and risk factors. Sera samples were screened for Dengue virus (DENV) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Odds Ratios (OR) were used to explore associations between seroprevalence and various variables. Among the 600 participants, 186 (55.9%) indicated awareness of DENV infection. However, 392 (69.9%) were completely ignorant of its existence. Individuals lacking knowledge about DENV transmission, symptoms, and fatality showed a significant association with DENV infection. Negligence regarding mosquito control and a preference for government responsibility in mosquito control were also linked to DENV infection (p ≤ 0.05). This study highlights that low economic status, ignorance, and negligence may serve as predisposing factors for DENV infection in Adamawa State.

Examining Curcuma longa and Piper nigrum: Herbal Approaches to Mood Disorder Management.

Akingbesote Babajide Oluwaseun — 2025-02-10

This research explores the therapeutic potential of two herbal remedies, Curcuma longa (turmeric) and Piper nigrum (black pepper), in managing mood disorders. Through phytochemical analysis and pharmacological investigations, the study elucidates the neuroprotective, neurotransmitter-regulating, and cholinergic modulating properties of these herbs. Comparative assessments highlight differences in antioxidant activity, sedative effects, and potential mechanisms of action. The findings underscore the significance of integrating herbal interventions into conventional treatments for mood disorders, paving the way for more holistic and personalized approaches to mental health management.

Assessing Awareness and Risk Factors of Mental Health Among Pregnant Women in Plateau State Specialist Hospital, Jos.

Tangshak Nanret Timothy * — 2025-03-11

This study aimed to assess the awareness of mental health risk factors among pregnant women seeking care at Plateau State Specialist Hospital, Jos. A descriptive cross-sectional design was employed, with data collected from 104 respondents using a self-structured questionnaire. Key findings revealed a moderate level of awareness regarding mental health among the respondents, with 61.64% having heard about mental health and 46.58% believing it is somewhat important during pregnancy. However, 52.05% were unaware of risk factors that could increase mental health problems. The most prevalent risk factor experienced was financial difficulty (42.47%), followed by stressful life events (32.88%). Regarding preventive measures, 58.90% of respondents were unaware of ways to prevent mental health problems during pregnancy. The strategy most endorsed was "talking to someone about your feelings" (38.36%), but 52.05% felt they were only somewhat likely to implement preventive strategies. Additionally, 32.87% of respondents felt somewhat comfortable seeking help from a mental health professional, while stigma (31.51%) and cost (15.07%) were identified as major barriers to seeking support. The study concludes that while there is some awareness of mental health among pregnant women in the hospital, significant knowledge gaps exist regarding risk factors and preventive measures. The findings underscore the need for targeted interventions to educate both healthcare providers and expectant mothers about mental health during pregnancy, as well as efforts to address socioeconomic and cultural barriers to accessing mental health services.

Serum Level of Adiponectin and Associated Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Among People Living With HIV Infection in Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria

Wasiu Olanrewaju Garuba* — 2025-03-28

This study investigates the precise connection between lipid profiles and serum adiponectin in HIV-infected individuals and reviews the metabolic and cardiovascular complications of HIV. The study is a case-control study involving HIV-infected subjects on antiretroviral therapy (ART) attending General Hospital Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria, and non-HIV-infected subjects of age-matched. The study involved 60 participants who were grouped into HIV-infected and non-infected groups. The non-infected group was the control group, consisting of 20 HIV-negative subjects; the HIV-infected group was the test group, which comprised 40 HIV-infected subjects. The adiponectin level was measured by ELISA, and the lipid profile was also measured by the spectrophotometry method. In this study, it was found that HIV patients on ART exhibited significantly lower mean serum adiponectin levels (7.04 ± 0.76 μg/mL) compared to the non-HIV-infected group (10.52 ± 0.46 μg/mL). The mean serum total cholesterol level in the non-HIV-infected subjects was lower (141.3 ± 2.71 mg/dl) compared to the HIV-infected patients (208.6 ± 6.52 mg/dl). The mean serum triglyceride level in the non-HIV-infected subjects was lower (133.44 ± 9.89 mg/dl) compared to the HIV-infected patients (183.9 ± 14.84 mg/dl). The mean serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level in the non-HIV-infected subjects was lower (67.79 ± 3.30 mg/dl) compared to the HIV-infected group (135.19 ± 6.16 mg/dl). The mean concentration of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level in the non-HIV-infected group was higher (47.09 ± 4.36 mg/dl) compared to the HIV-infected group (36.48 ± 2.17 mg/dl). The results indicated a negative correlation between adiponectin levels and total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL-C among HIV-infected participants and a positive correlation between adiponectin and HDL-C at p<0.01. The findings suggest that the reduced adiponectin level in the HIV-infected subjects may be associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis, and other metabolic conditions. This result demonstrates that HIV patients are more susceptible to cardiovascular and metabolic dysfunction.

Gut Parasites Associated With Selected Freshwater Fish Species, Mormyrus Rume And Oreochromis Niloticus From River Kaduna.

Jamila Ahmed — 2025-03-18

Gut parasites have been recognized as a major constraint to fish production in developing countries. The aim of this research was to determine the prevalence of gut parasites of selected freshwater fish species from River Kaduna. Results showed that 145 fishes out of the 200 examined were infected, giving an overall prevalence (72.5%) of freshwater fish species sourced from a segment of River Kaduna. Oreochromis niloticus was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in female (83.6%) than in males (75.6%), similarly Mormyrus rume was higher in females (68.2%) than in males (62.5%). The difference in prevalence of gut parasites between the different body weight and length of the freshwater fish species were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). The parasites identified comprised of three taxonomic groups, the nematodes were Contracaecum species (35.0%) and Capillaria species (15.6%), Cestode was Diphyllobothrium latum (25.0%) and Trematode was Clinostomum species (25.0%). There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) between parasite load and the freshwater fish species of parasites identified from River Kaduna. The intestines harboured the highest number of parasites (91) than stomach, oesophagus and rectum and parasites identified comprised of three taxonomic groups. It is recommended that public enlightenment should be embarked on to educate on the dangers of indiscriminate waste disposal and other unhealthy human activities on the aquatic environment which may affect the health of the fish.

The Quality of Life of Adolescents with Terrorism Experience in North-Central Nigeria.

Adenike Iyanuoluwa Olugbenga-Bello — 2025-01-23

Background: Nigeria has a young population, almost half less than 14 years old. Violent crimes such as kidnapping, banditry, and terrorism continue to plague threats to the young population with consequent effects on the Quality of Life.

Objective: This study aims to determine the relationship between experience of terrorism and Quality of life among adolescents in Mangu Village, Plateau State.

Methodology: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted between Dec. 2023 and

January 2024, among adolescents aged 10-19 years, living in Mangu Village, Plateau State with

a sample size of 200 determined using Taro Yamane formula. Data were collected through

standardized semi-structured, pre-tested questionnaires covering socio-demographic

information, terrorism experiences, and the quality of life of respondents. The SPSS version

20.0 was used for statistical analysis, including regression to assess the relationship between

terrorism experience and the quality of life of respondents.

Results: A total number of one hundred and thirty-two (66.0%) were above 16 years old, while one hundred and seven (53.5%) were females. About 92.5% have experienced terrorist attacks before, during which 24.3% felt stressed, 34.6% were sad, and 23.2% were pained. Most of the respondents (53%) were less than 1 month after the duration of the terrorist attack, and 75.7% of the respondents experienced the attacks frequently. 49% of the respondents were self-wishing for death and away from it all. A total number of 114 (57%) of respondents were of good quality of life, while 86 (43% ) were poor during the attack.

Conclusion: This study found that most of the adolescents had experienced terrorist attack with a little less than half of them having poor QoL. We recommend the development of policies and programmes that will improve the quality of life of adolescents exposed to terrorism.

Dinga Dinga Disease Uncovered: A Call to Act Fast Against Uganda's Puzzling Health Crisis.

Tensaba Andes Akafa — 2025-01-05

In early 2023, Uganda reported a novel illness known as "Dinga Dinga Disease" (DDD), characterized mainly by uncontrollable body tremors, primarily affecting women and girls in the Bundibugyo district. This exploratory article examines the disease's symptoms, epidemiology, and potential causes, drawing parallels to the historical "Dancing Plague" of 1518. DDD presents with excessive shaking, high fever, extreme weakness, and feelings of paralysis, severely impacting mobility and daily activities, yet it remains self-limiting with no reported fatalities. The article highlights the urgent need for a clear case definition to facilitate effective surveillance and public health interventions amidst other concurrent health crises in Uganda, including outbreaks of mpox and a mysterious "Disease X" in the neighboring Democratic Republic of the Congo. Community impact is profound, with significant social and economic challenges arising from the disease's incapacitating effects. Ongoing investigations by local health authorities, supported by World Health Organisation, aim to uncover the etiology of DDD and implement necessary public health measures. The need for collaborative efforts in research, resource allocation, and community engagement is emphasized to address this emerging health threat and safeguard vulnerable populations.

Comparative Analysis of Accelerated Failure Time Models and the Assessment of Risk Factors Influencing Survival Time of Cardiovascular Patients: A Case Study in Kaduna, Nigeria

Enoch Yabkwa Yanshak * — 2025-03-24

A primary focus of Survival analysis in medicine is modeling time to surviving of a particular disease. In this paper, survival analysis was carried out on the cardiovascular disease data modeling time to surviving the disease. The data was gotten from Barau-Dikko teaching hospital Kaduna, Nigeria. Accelerated Failure Time (AFT) models like Weibull AFT model, Logistic AFT model, Log-normal AFT model,Log-logistic AFT model and Exponential AFT model are considered to be used for modeling the time to surviving cardiovascular diseases . Models selection criteria were used as a guide to unravel the best model for modeling cardiovascular diseases. The test for assumption of proportionality was conducted; the result revealed that the data violated the assumption of proportionality. Hence guarantee the use of accelerated failure time models. Based on the result from accelerated failure time models, the lognormal AFT model out-performed the other models since it has the lowest AIC and the highest log-likelihood value with 1022.23 and -47.82 respectively.

Morbidity and Mortality of Typhoid Intestinal Perforation Among Children in Nigeria 2003 - 2023: A Scoping Review

K J Bwala* — 2025-02-23

Background: Typhoid intestinal perforation (TIP), a severe complication of typhoid fever, occurs when the infection leads to the perforation of the intestinal wall, resulting in life-threatening conditions. The resultant fulminating generalized peritonitis, intra-peritoneal abscess, septicaemia, imbalance in serum electrolytes and severe malnutrition are the usual causes of death in TIP.

Methods: This scoping review was conducted using the PRISMA-ScR checklist, the following databases were searched Science Direct, ProQuest, PubMed, AJOL and Google Scholar. Data was then extracted from the 15 studies that were found to have met the inclusion criteria.

Results: All the included studies were conducted in tertiary healthcare facilities, 13 of them were retrospective studies. The mortality rate ranged from 4.7% to 75%. SSI was the most commonly reported post-operative complication, ranging from 9.5% to 83.3%, others were ECF, wound dehiscence and intra-abdominal abscess.

Conclusion: TIP is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among pediatric population in Nigeria. Late presentation, poor pre-operative preparation and presence of multiple intestinal perforations impact significantly on morbidity and mortality of patients. This can be prevented by provision of safe WASH facilities and improving access to healthcare.

Advances in Cancer Immunotherapy: Harnessing the Power of the Immune System for Tumor Eradication.

Dua Khan * — 2025-02-27

Cancer immunotherapy has emerged as one of the most promising and transformative approaches in oncology. Leveraging the body’s immune system to recognize and eliminate tumor cells, immunotherapy has provided significant clinical benefits for many cancer patients. This review article delves into the latest advancements in cancer immunotherapy, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapies, and cancer vaccines. Additionally, it addresses the challenges, limitations, and future directions in the field of immuno-oncology.