International Journal of Emerging Multidisciplinaries: Biomedical and Clinical Research

Effect of Hydrolyzed Feather Meal as Substitute for Fish Meal in the Diet of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822)

Basira Ibrahim, Usman Danjuma Mohammed, Ishaya Kato Auta — 2025-07-06

Clarias gariepinus is a globally popular aquaculture species and it’s distributed throughout Africa. The study was aimed at examining the effects of hydrolysed feather meal as a substitute for fish meal in the diets of African catfish Clarias gariepinus fingerlings. Three months feeding trial was conducted to examine the partial replacement of fish meal (65% CP) with hydrolyzed feather meal (85% CP) in the diets of Clarias gariepinus. One hundred and eighty (180) fingerlings were selected with the mean weight of 9.5g. They were randomly grouped into six (6) treatments and three (3) replicates with ten (10) fish per 200L truncated conical aqua drum plastic tanks with the diameter at the top and bottom as (0.62 and 0.50m); the height and slant height as 0.8m and 0.82m. This experiment was designed with two control treatments T₁, (a standard commercial diet, Coppens 2mm) and T₂ (a diet with 0% FTM, 100% FM); the remaining treatment feeds had FTM inclusions at 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% in substitution for fish meal which represented T₃, T₄, T₅, and T₆ respectively. The control feed in T₁ (Coppens) turned out to be the best feed, mostly acceptable when considering the time of feed intake, growth performance and nutrient utilization, but was at a disadvantage when analyzing its cost hence, became the most expensive amongst the treatment feeds. The profit index ranged from 7.55 in T₅ (75% inclusion of FTM) to 1.91 in control T₁ (Coppens). The result indicates that T₅ had the best growth performance and cost effectiveness. T₅ also had the best survival rate which was a plus to its sales. therefor, feather meal can be substituted for fish meal up to 75% to obtain optimum yield, higher survival rate and at a lower cost in the diet of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings

Reynolds Number-dependent Flow Dynamics of Twin Non-Circular Particles in a Vertical Channel

Muhammad Shahid * — 2025-08-25

A numerical study of falling particles in the fluid domain has been presented in Reynolds number perspective. The analysis for the movement of non-circular particles i.e. triangle, square and pentagon has been conducted. The simulations are carried out for four different Reynolds numbers which are 100, 200, 300 and 1000. The numerical results are found for x- and y-components of velocity profile and trajectory paths of twin particles settling in the channel. At each Reynolds number the results have been compared with particle’s shape. Furthermore, the data in tabular form has been presented for minimum x-and y-velocity indicating time for velocity of falling particle in the computational domain, also mentioned the height. The minimum distance between twin particles indicating time at which the minimum distance has been achieved and the height it attains at that time. The simulations are conducted by using fictitious boundary method (FBM) combined with an Eulerian approach, which has been utilized for expressing the free movement of particles in the channel. We applied an explicit volume integral approach for finding the hydrodynamic forces exerted on the surfaces of particle. The numerical simulations are carried out using a multigrid finite element solver FEATFLOW in the fluid flow.

Fabrication of Graphene-Based Tin Oxide (Sno2) Composite With Improved Visible Light For The Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue

Williams Uyo Queen * — 2025-08-22

The SnO₂ nanoparticles were synthesized via the co-precipitation method by varying weight percentages (1%, 2%, 3% and 4%) of GO loaded on the SnO₂ nanoparticles. The effect of varied composition of GO on the SnO₂/GO nanocomposite were investigated using spectroscopic instruments such as Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Element mapping, Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDX), the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), photoluminescence (PL), the Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) and Diffuse reflectance spectrum (DRS) showed the successful formation of GO/SnO₂ nanostructures. furthermore, the photocatalytic activity of the GO/SnO₂ nanocomposites and SnO₂ were studied through the photodegradation of methylene blue under visible light irradiation. The degradation efficiencies of the GO/SnO₂ were much higher than that of pure SnO₂. From the results obtained, we believe that this current work will provide relevant views for further fabrication of other novel nanostructures and exploration of their applications.

Outcome Predictors of Lumbar Degenerative Spine Diseases: A Systematic Review of Literature

Olabisi Ogunleye * — 2025-09-08

Lumbar degenerative spine diseases (LDSD) are a major source of chronic pain and disability around the globe, greatly affecting individuals' quality of life. The development of LDSD is shaped by a mix of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors, but the specific predictors are not well understood. This study seeks to identify and examine the main predictors of LDSD through an in-depth analysis of clinical, demographic, and behavioral factors. By assessing variables such as age, body mass index, physical activity levels, genetic predisposition, and occupational strain, this research aims to provide insights for the early detection and prevention of LDSD. The results are intended to guide targeted interventions and enhance patient outcomes by facilitating personalized treatment strategies.

The Mental Health of A Nigerian Child : A Literary Commentary

Ehinomwen Itebiye * — 2025-08-22

Mental health, as defined by the World Health Organization (WHO), is a state of well-being that allows individuals to handle life’s stresses, recognize their abilities, learn effectively, and contribute to their communities. Mental and physical health are interconnected, influencing a child’s ability to succeed in education, work, and social life. In Nigeria, children’s mental health is significantly affected by various factors, including limited access to mental health services, insecurity, academic pressures, socioeconomic challenges, and family dynamics. Poor care-giving, unfair living conditions, and societal neglect further worsen mental health outcomes for children.

Assessment of child mental health involves various tools, however language barriers and cultural stigmatization complicate access to mental health care, requiring translation and adaptation of some assessment tools.

Nigeria’s lack of a structured child and adolescent mental health policy places children at risk. Key factors influencing child mental health include family structure, economic stability, education, community security, and access to healthcare. Emotional intelligence, attachment styles, and school environments also play crucial roles. Economic hardships exacerbate mental health issues, while proper early childhood care and education can serve as protective factors.

The country’s weak healthcare system, inadequate funding, and social stigma hinder effective mental health interventions. Efforts are being made to integrate mental health into primary healthcare, train professionals, and develop community-based programs. Collaboration between government, private sectors, and non-profit organizations is essential to improving child mental health. Increased funding, policy reform, awareness campaigns, and research are needed to create a comprehensive and effective mental health system for Nigerian Children.