International Journal of Emerging Multidisciplinaries: Biomedical and Clinical Research

Assessment of Heavy Metals Concentration in River Kaduna Water in Relation to Seasonal Variations

Saidu, A. — 2026-01-31

The concentrations of toxic metals in many ecosystems are reaching unprecedented levels. The aim of this research work was to assess heavy metals concentration in River Kaduna water in relation to seasonal variations. Twenty-four water samples were collected for the period of eight months between January and September, 2023 and were used to assessed the concentration of selected heavy metals in water samples. Samples were assessed using Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS). The mean concentration of heavy metals in wet season water sample downstream are: Pb 0.0520 ± 0.0179ppm, Cd 0.0613 ± 0.0167ppm, Cr 0.8907 ± 0.1030ppm, Cu 0.7108 ± 0.2300ppm and Zn 1.5202± 0.2600ppm. The Dry season include; Pb with 0.0524 ±

0.0217ppm, Cd, 0.0703 ± 0.0042ppm, Cr, 0.9319 ± 0.1780ppm, Cu, 0.7271 ± 0.2675ppm and Zn, 17.1686 ±4.9498ppm. The result obtained shows that there was significant difference (P<0.05) between the mean concentration of heavy metals in wet and dry season at 5% level of significance only with Pb and Zn whilst Cd, Cr and Cu were not statistically significant. While the mean concentration of heavy metals in wet season water sampled midstream were; Pb 0.0500 ± 0.0186ppm, Cd 0.0490 ± 0.0186ppm, Cr 0.8367 ± 0.1630ppm, Cu 0.7287 ± 0.3203ppm and Zn

1.9674± 0.6148ppm. Dry season are: Pb 0.0524 ± 0.0217ppm, Cd 0.0515 ± 0.0142ppm, Cr 0.9667 ± 0.1420ppm, Cu 0.8270 ± 0.2675ppm and Zn 2.0723 ± 0.4310ppm. the result obtained shows that there was significant difference(P<0.05) between the mean concentration of heavy metals in wet and dry seasons.

Assessment of Heavy Metal Concentrations in Domestic Waste Dump Soil Samples Obtained within Kaduna Metropolis in Relation to Seasonal Variations

Abdulrahman, A. S. — 2026-01-31

This study investigated the effects of domestic waste dumpsite soil during wet and dry seasons of 2024 in Kaduna Metropolis, Nigeria. Soil samples were collected from nine dumpsites and one control were analyzed for heavy metal concentrations (Pb, Cr, Cd, Ni, Hg) using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The data collected was subjected to analysis of variance using statistical analysis software (SAS) version 9.0 and all the results revealed statistically significant differences (p<0.05). Heavy metal concentrations in soil during wet season recorded the highest values of Pb (725.10)> Ni (70.30)>Cr (51.47)> Hg (44.13)>Cd (34.45 mg/kg) respectively. There was general decrease in mean concentration of total values of the heavy metals during dry season except Cr and Hg that had an increased values when compared with wet season Pb (334.8)> Cr (224.7)> Hg (51.6)> Ni (33.4)> Cd (18.9 mg/kg) respectively. All the total mean concentrations in both seasons were above the permissible limit for EU and WHO standards in several locations. The control had the least concentration of all the selected metals. The study concludes that domestic waste dumping substantially alters soil chemical properties, increasing heavy metal accumulation beyond safe limits. It is therefore recommended that wastes management and remediation strategies should be impose because they are essential for reduction of heavy metal contamination in soil and provide environmental protection and human health.

A Study on the Mechanical Properties of Low Density Polyethylene Composite Reinforced with Baobab Pod Fibre (BPF)

Akilu A. * — 2026-01-04

This study focused on the use of Baobab pod fibres as a potential reinforcement material for Low density polyethylene (LDPE) polymer. The fibre reinforced composites were produced using compression moulding at a temperature of 150⁰C for 30 min and a formulation of Baobab pod fibre (BPF) to Low density polyethylene (LDPE) ratios of 10-90 wt%, 20-80 wt%, 30-70 wt% and 40-60 wt% were used respectively. The mechanical properties namely; tensile strength, impact strength, flexural strength and hardness of the composites produced were then investigated. The composite with 10-90 wt% BPF/LDPE ratios was found to have the best mechanical properties with tensile property of 75.72 MPa, Impact strength of 4.46 J/mm², flexural strength of 17.24 MPa and hardness of 26.7 HV. Based on the results obtained, it shows that Baobab pod fibres have excellent properties for use as polymer reinforcement that can be used for various applications.

Effect of Transportation on Chemical and Microbial Analysis of Frozen Marine Fish (Sardinella Species)

Muhammad Sani Abdullahi * — 2026-01-04

Microbiological contamination, particularly from unspecified spoilage bacteria such as Salmonella sp., Vibrio spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli, has raised concerns. This study aims to evaluate the effect of transportation on chemical and microbiological status of frozen imported fish purchased in Wukari markets, Taraba State. Proximate composition analysis and microbial assays were conducted. The highest protein content was recorded in frozen marine fish samples from Marmara market, followed by New market and Old market respectively. The bacterial count in New market was 1.94 x 104, Old market it was 0.97 x 104, and Marmara market was 1.1 x 103. The fungal count in New market was 5.0 x 103, Old market it was 4.0103, and Marmara market was 4.1 x 103. Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and E. coli were isolated from both New market and Old market, with a percentage occurrence of 37.50%; however, E. coli and S. aureus were present in Marmara market with a percentage occurrence of 25%. Nonetheless, the results obtained from the sampled fish species fell within a safe range for human consumption.